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![]() And as if maintaining the three Space Station Decks, entertaining the eight Alien races and defending against enemy invaders were not enough of a challenge, the dynamic narrator AI is not going to mince matters and commentates the events in a lovely but sharp-tongued manner. In addition to the challenging single player Campaign and the versatile battle mode, there are also competitive and cooperative multiplayer modes for up to four players. Spacebase Startopia captivates with its original mixture of economic simulation and empire building strategy paired with classic RTS skirmishes and a good dose of humor. So, what are we waiting for? Let's get to work! Let us join forces to conquer space." Oh, and before I forget – it's probably just a bug in my security protocols anyway – but my sensors are showing just loads of enemy creatures in all of the other Sectors… Amongst others, there’s the development of further Sectors, maintenance of the three vital Main Decks as well as the customer acquisition and entertainment of our extraterrestrial visitors, who provide us with sufficient Energy for our plans for global improvement. Minor performance improvement for terrain. ![]() ‘A Spiritual Journey’: Added side quest reward. Improved performance of unit list filter. Spacebase Startopia captivates with its original mixture of economic simulation and empire building strategy paired with classic RTS skirmishes and a good dose of humor. Each of the three Decks will require your leadership skills, with the Sub Deck containing all of the Rooms. A detailed list about Update 1.4.2 can be found below: New features. The 10-mission, fully dubbed single-player Campaign will require all your skills as Commander of the Spacebase Startopia as you strive to create one of the most attractive trade and tourism destinations in the known universe. ![]() To keep the same thing from happening to you, there's a lot you're going to have to do. Spacebase Startopia Platforms: Release date: Ma(details) Genre: RTS / management Developer: Realmforge Studios Publisher/distributor: Kalypso Media Part of series: Startopia Screenshots (click on image to enlarge) PC System requirements Minimum: OS: Windows 10 (64-bit) CPU: AMD Ryzen 3 1300X 3. Thank you for supporting Spacebase Startopia with your feedback and suggestions. Well then, CONGRATULATIONS! I hereby officially pronounce you Commander of this Space Station! Hopefully you will enjoy more success than your predecessor who, according to the logbook, er… ran into some wormlike Aliens… Oh, nothing to worry about! My beginner Guide (and an fast paced walkthrough) to give you the best possible launch in Spacebase StartopiaLet’s get in touch: Be sure to join our Discord. Furthermore, it would appear that you are the only rational life form in this Sector. Oh, excuse me, it seems my system is no longer up-to-date – – so, much better… WELCOME to the Spacebase Startopia! I'm VAL, your helpful and efficient Space Station AI!Īccording to my records, this Station hasn’t been used at all in the last 17 years! How very strange. ![]() ![]() You can also learn how to add a background in Photoshop with these simple steps.īeta versions specifically for ARM-based computers are not officially supported and lack some features Read our full Adobe Photoshop Elements review. And, a new subject selection tool makes it easier to create cutouts of individuals and pets, and a Smooth Skin tool is great at getting rid of wrinkles. Adobe's Sense AI can intelligently analyze and tweak your images, saving you a step or two if you're in a hurry. While there's not much new from last year's version, Adobe's excellent interface and robust toolset- as well as the fact that Photoshop Elements works on both Macs and PCs-make it the best photo editing software around.Īs before, three interfaces (Guided Edits, Quick Edits, and Expert Mode) make this program accessible for users of all experience levels. While there aren't a huge number of changes from last year's version, Adobe Photoshop Elements is our pick for best photo editing software overall for its ease of use, fun creativity and underlying power. Or, if you plan on doing most of your photo editing on the go, be sure to read up on the best photo editing apps available for Android and iOS.Quote Graphic and Moving Photos effects were less impressive If you’re willing to pay for your editing software, check out our guide to the best photo editing software available now. Not all photo editing software is built for every user, so we take into account what each photo editor’s objective is and for whom each option is best suited when compiling our recommendations. When testing photo editing software, we look at a number of different criteria, including: However, several photo editors are either entirely browser based or offer a browser-based option, which can be accessed from any web browser. When it comes to downloadable software, there are more options for Windows users than there are for Mac users. Lastly, you want to make sure whatever photo editing software you choose is compatible with your devices. An experienced graphic designer may be completely comfortable starting from scratch, but someone who is inexperienced may benefit from software that comes with templates or tutorials to help them get started. It’s also important to consider your personal experience level. What your end needs are will determine what tools to look for in your photo editing software. When choosing free photo editing software, you’ll want to think about both your needs and your skill level.Ī photographer who wants to make basic edits to photos is going to have different needs than a small business owner who wants to design a logo, even though both tasks can be accomplished with a free photo editor. How to choose the best free photo editing software for you The biggest downside to is that it is currently only available for Windows, so Mac users will have to consider alternatives. If you only need to make a few simple edits, is a much more straightforward option. While isn’t as powerful as rival GIMP, depending on what you plan to use it for, that could be considered a strength. There’s even support for layers, which can be rare with free photo editors, and the community has developed quite a few plugins and tutorials to make the program even more useful. Originally intended as a replacement for Microsoft Paint, (opens in new tab)retains its namesake’s simple, intuitive interface while adding several advanced photo editing features. While there is a paid Pro version of Canva that unlocks a few additional features (like the ability to isolate and delete a background), the free option is more than sufficient for beginners looking for an easy way to lift their marketing content. And the numerous templates available to use, covering everything from social media posts to letterhead to brochures, are surprisingly high quality for a free website. However, it does offer a surprising amount of built-in filters and photo effects. So if you’re looking to remove a lot of blemishes or make other significant edits, Canva perhaps isn’t the right option for you. ![]() ![]() It’s worth noting that it’s not a full photo editor. ![]() If you want to up your brand’s Facebook or Instagram game but don’t have lots of time or money, Canva provides hundreds of gorgeous and easy-to-customize templates. Canva (opens in new tab) is a browser-based photo editor geared towards generating polished and eye-catching social media posts and other marketing materials. ![]() ![]() Walking into a room with vinyl planks looks no different than real hardwood floors. ![]() Vinyl planks come in the shape of wood panels, each featuring high-definition imagery of popular hardwood species like oak, maple, hickory, birch, and mahogany. Today’s vinyl flooring spans both planks and tiles. Which Type of Vinyl Flooring Should I Choose? Our expansive inventory spans the best vinyl flooring brands, including COREtec, Republic, Karastan, Armstrong, Alterna, Mannington Adura, Verostone, and Earthscapes. Aggieland Carpet One Floor & Home in College Station, TX, has the perfect vinyl flooring for your home or business. Meaning your pets claws and occasional accidents won’t ruin your beautiful wood-look floors.Vinyl flooring fits every space and every season. Luxury vinyl floors come in pet friendly options that are scratch and water resistant. Vinyl floors make the perfect option for kitchen flooring because of their looks and durability. Luxury vinyl is made to replicate the authentic look and feel hardwood and stone, and is also resistant to moisture and can handle daily life. Check out some of our favorite brands online today or stop by our local showroom and explore our collection of luxury vinyl flooring today! That means we can compete with the big box stores and offer our customers quality brands, like COREtec and Casabella, and exceptional pricing. As a member of the Carpet One cooperative we have the buying power of 1,000 stores strong. These floors are generally easy to clean, hypoallergenic, and low-maintenance.īe sure to visit our Main Floor Carpet One Floor & Home showroom in Royal Oak, MI and speak with a flooring expert about installing luxury vinyl floors in your home. Most waterproof products have a rigid core that keeps the planks from swelling and warping in humidity. This protects your subfloor from odor-causing bacteria, rot, mold, and mildew. It also has a non-porous surface that locks out leaks and spills. Waterproof vinyl is fast-drying and stain-resistant. Luxury vinyl comes in both water-resistant and 100% waterproof varieties. It also makes the perfect flooring for both kitchens and bathrooms! Luxury vinyl floors are incredibly easy to maintain and only need to be occasionally swept, and they are a long lasting option. Luxury vinyl can be installed over most existing floors that are clean and free of dust. Some vinyl floors come as water resistant and even sometimes water proof which makes it the perfect options for those with children, or pets. You get the look and feel of hardwood floors, but luxury vinyl is “softer” underfoot because it gives a little when you walk on it. The pros of installing luxury vinyl flooring in your home are not just limited to being budget-friendly. We also carry narrow and extra-wide luxury vinyl planks with differing lengths and beveled edges. From distressed white oak to sleek maple and more, you’ll find a look you love. Wood looking flooring is one of today’s hottest trends in flooring, and we offer a range of gorgeous styles, shades, and finishes. In addition, it is the budget-friendly option for those who are renovating their home, and eliminates the challenging installation of hardwood. It imitates the look of hardwood flooring, so you are sure to find something that matches the décor of your home. Our most popular selling product is luxury vinyl plank flooring. Many vinyl tile products have an insulated underlayment that not only provides a better thermal response, but also absorbs noises like pet claws, high heels, and loud voices. And, unlike tile and stone, vinyl does not get ice cold to the touch when left exposed to cooler air, making it a great option for casual rooms and high-traffic common areas alike. In contrast to traditional tile and stone, vinyl tiles are more comfortable to stand and walk on due to their resilience and cushioned installation. Vinyl tiles look just like ceramic, porcelain, and stone, but are more affordable, easier to install, and simpler to repair. Carpet One also offers low VOC vinyl flooring which makes the perfect eco-friendly and allergy-friendly flooring option. Choosing the best type of flooring for your home takes a lot of consideration, but we are here to take the stress out of buying a new floor. The two most popular types of luxury vinyl flooring are luxury vinyl plank flooring and luxury vinyl tile flooring. Luxury vinyl flooring is made to resemble hardwood and stone flooring. ![]() ![]() Continue reading below to learn more about luxury vinyl. Luxury vinyl is much different from its predecessor, vinyl, in many different ways. Luxury vinyl flooring is one of those many options you can choose from. ![]() Our wide selection of the best home flooring options means you can find exactly what you need. We make the process easier for you at Main Floor Carpet One Floor & Home in Royal Oak, Michigan. Choosing a new flooring option for your home can sometimes be a challenge. ![]() ![]() ![]() To begin we construct a graph of all of the rooms' center points using Delaunay Triangulation. For the next stage we want to link each room together. The remaining cells are still useful however. Because of the Park-Miller Normal Distribution described earlier, there will only be a small amount of rooms in comparison to the number of cells, with lots of space between. We determine which of the cells in the grid are rooms - any cell with a width and height above a certain threshold is made into a room. The result is that we end up with a square grid of differently sized cells, all perfectly packed together.ĥ. We fill in any gaps with 1x1 sized cells. This technique ensures that the cells are not overlapping, yet in general remain as tightly packed together as possible.Ĥ. Next we use simple separation steering behaviour to separate out all of the rectangles so that none are overlapping. At this point we have 150 random cells in a small area, most are overlapping. In addition to this I ensure that the ratio between the width and length of each cell is not too large, we don't want perfectly square rooms but neither do we want really skinny ones, but somewhere in between.ģ. The reason for this will be explained later! This skews the size of the cells so that they are more likely to be of a small size (more smaller cells, less larger cells). Instead of using uniformly distributed random numbers (the default Math.random generator in most languages), I'm using Park-Miller Normal Distribution. Again the radius doesn't matter too much, but it should probably be proportionate to the number of cells. For each "cell" I spawn a Rectangle of random width and length within some radius. This is an arbitrary amount really, but the higher the number the larger the dungeon and in general more complexity.Ģ. First I set the number of cells I want to generate, say 150. The interactive demo can be found here: Dungeon Generation Demoġ. It's pretty over-engineered, but hopefully will give anyone interested some ideas on generating dungeon layouts for their own games. Hours of gameplay with Secrets that extend the experience – Discover items and weapons that can slow down time, render you invincible or provide secret saves.So today I'm going to be a little different and talk about one technical aspect of my game TinyKeep, that is random procedural dungeon generation.Experience 3 separate endings to the game, depending on how you play. ![]() Rescue other captives to fight along side you, but beware as you never know which ones have gone crazy trapped up in the Keep.Collect coins from fallen foes to purchase random player-altering Buffs that just might give you the advantage you need to make it out alive.Use traps and environmental hazards to your advantage - fire, spike pits and rotating crushers hurt your enemies as well as you!.Creatures work together to chase you down, flee from threats and fight each other for dominance. Battle a variety of intelligent enemies, each one determined to make your escape as difficult as possible.From the cold slimy walls of the dungeon to the hot fiery pits of hell, TinyKeep is a visual treat. Explore a variety of beautiful but deadly environments.Watch your step as it can be your last! Extremely challenging Permadeath gameplay.Procedurally generated random dungeons – no playthrough is ever the same!.There are many ways to survive in TinyKeep. You can also take advantage of monster rivalries and lead them against each other, while you wait behind a corner as the resulting chaos ensues. Enemies will work together in groups to hunt you down, and some will flee from threats. Lure monsters into traps, knock over fire torches to set the dungeon alight and set prisoners free to help you on your way. With nothing but a flickering lantern and a strange letter left behind by their in-mate, they must venture into the darkness and escape TinyKeep! Their savior is nowhere to be seen, but the cell door is broken and ajar, tempting them with the sweet scent of freedom. In TinyKeep players will embrace the role of a hopeless prisoner held deep in a forgotten dungeon who one day wakes up to find themselves mysteriously released. ![]() ![]() ![]() Discuss how those situations might make them feel, how and what they might think, and how they might act based on those thoughts and feelings. Describe situations your students might find themselves in. It depicts how thoughts lead to actions and actions to feelings, which lead once again to thoughts. Unique to Positive Action, the thoughts-actions-feelings circle is integral to our social and emotional curriculum. Students should put this list in a place where they’ll often see it to reinforce the positives they see in themselves.ĭiscuss the Thoughts-Actions-Feelings Circle. If they need a nudge, suggest something like “I am cheerful,” or “I am creative.” Encourage older students to dig a little deeper. Have students write a list of the things they like about themselves. Here are some ideas for how to develop self-awareness in students. They understand that self-work and growth are positive activities that result in healthy, happy people with a drive to achieve.ĥ Activities and Strategies for Teaching Students to be Self Aware All of these skills lead students to self-efficacy. Acknowledging aptitude also builds confidence. Knowing that it’s okay to admit they’re wrong or don’t understand something sets them up for growth. Your students’ ability to see themselves, acknowledge their shortcomings, and embrace their strengths is a great confidence booster. This sense of self will teach them to see and acknowledge both the positive and negative things in their nature. ![]() Teaching your students to look at themselves honestly can help them respond to compliments, feedback, and criticism openly and earnestly. By recognizing the link between their feelings, thoughts, and actions, they can then address these feelings and react to them appropriately. Learning the difference between frustration and anger will help students navigate their emotions. ![]() Your students need to be able to identify their feelings. Some teachers might also wonder when redirecting students, is this self-awareness or self-efficacy? Teaching self-efficacy is, in a way, part of teaching self-awareness in the classroom. Learning to be self-aware isn’t easy, even for adults, which can make teaching self-awareness to students daunting. To be self-aware is to follow the first Delphic maxim of ancient Greece: “know thyself.” Teaching Self-Awareness The World Health Organization recognizes self-awareness as one of ten life skills that promote well-being across all cultures. Added to this understanding is the capacity to open-mindedly and realistically assess your strengths and weaknesses while maintaining your confidence, drive, and desire to grow. Social-emotional self-awareness means having the ability to understand your thoughts, emotions, and values, as well as knowing how those factors influence your behavior. The Positive Action program teaches self-awareness in unit 1, then continues to highlight it as an underlying philosophy throughout all of our material. Social and emotional learning starts with self-awareness and then continues to teach and build this skill throughout a student’s journey. ![]() ![]() Make this Christmas season one to remember with fun Christmas presents for all of your loved ones, and have your favorites delivered with the click of a button. From personalized Christmas ornaments to beautiful jewelry, you’ll find the perfect fit for anyone on your list. Browse Secret Santa gifts for a far-away special someone, or pick out fun stocking stuffers and a great Christmas present for the college student that can’t make it home for the holidays. ![]() Have Christmas Gifts DeliveredĬan’t celebrate with family and friends in person? Let us do the heavy lifting. For more Maine charm during the holidays, check out nearby Ogunquit, a charming small town that used to be an artist’s colony. Christmas Movie Watching Plush Blanket After Discount 99.99 64.99 Smart and Sassy Reindeer Socks After Discount 29.99 19. Highlights include a lobster trap Christmas tree, Santa visits, and markets. From personalized Stuffies to Melissa & Doug Sports Throw Pillows, you’ll find the best Christmas presents for children of all ages at . Visit during the Christmas Prelude, an 11-day-long festival celebrating all things Christmas and small-town New England. Shopping for little ones? Make sure they find the perfect Christmas presents waiting for them under the tree, and browse our top Christmas gifts for your favorite little tyke or princess. The best Christmas presents are designed to appeal to a variety of tastes, and our collection includes Christmas gifts that every man will appreciate. Shop Christmas gifts for men that will appease any fellow on your Christmas shopping list. Christmas Gift Ideas for Menĭon’t forget about that dapper dude. Wait for her smile of delight as she opens her Christmas present whether you select personalized jewelry, clothing, gift baskets, or home décor, putting your own special touch on one of these great Christmas presents is sure to touch her heart. Need a great Christmas gift for that special woman in your life? Browse an array of Christmas gifts tailored to her interests. Our Christmas gifts for girls will be even more surprising because they’ll be personalized just for her. Create the magic of Christmas in your home Spread extra Christmas cheer about your house with some festive touches. ![]() From the smallest stocking stuffers for men to the most heartfelt Christmas gifts for Mom, we've got Christmas gift ideas that will make this holiday season extra special. Whether they've been naughty or nice, you're sure to find the perfect Christmas presents for everyone this year. Find festive Christmas gift ideas for all of your family and friends. ![]() ![]() Very detailed explanations with lots and lots of screenshots and photos to illustrate each thing. ![]() My must buy for each new version of Adobe Photoshop. Extremely complete reference book After the first chapter or so, you can skip to chapters you are particularly interested it. This is the book for Lightroom for photographers. YouTube training videos are much better and free. Writing is not easy to follow and I have not found it to be of much value. Not the best book for learning the software. Lightroom is the key to making beautiful images, as well as organizing hundreds of thousands of images spanning more than 60 years. For most of that time I had a wet darkroom. I’ve been using Adobe Photoshop Lightroom for umpteen years and have owned books by 3 other authors – none compare to Evenings.Įxcellent reference, 2 thumbs up! I have been making pictures since the mid-fifties, first with film, and then digital. I wanted to enlarge a photo to work on blemishes and such. There are a few glaring deficiencies in this book. Great effort is made to simplify complex operations, diagrams are reasonably good, the writing is engaging. Update: Once past that nightmare, I think the book is helpful. The author also advises the reader to organize the photos in a certain fashion in chapter 1, but as it turns out, a lot, if not most of the organization was unnecessary and in fact, will actually make it harder to organize them in Lightroom’s catalogs and collections system. As a result of that, I had to wipe clean the Lightroom library again and import photos into the app’s catalog system a third time! That process was not as described and I lost most of my but backed up photo data. Unfortunately, Chapter 2 contradicts the instructions in chapter 1, advising the reader to place all photos back on the hard drive otherwise loading photos will be too slow! It’s no small task eliminating duplicates from Lightroom–something not covered in this book–so I had to wipe everything out import thousands of photos again. Unfortunately, crucial information on how to do this properly, and pitfalls to avoid, was lacking and those omissions resulted in multiple duplicates of my photos in the Lightroom catalog. Chapter 1 urges the reader to organize one’s photos into a file system and place them on a backup drive, NOT the hard drive. I’m only 37 pages into this book and though I admit the book looks pretty and simple to follow, I cannot express how truly terrible, disorganized and confusing the book has already been. There was a problem filtering reviews right now. ![]() Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. How customer reviews and ratings work Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. About the author Follow authors to get new release updates, plus improved recommendations. Videos for this product Click to play video. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Get it as soon as Monday, Dec Customers who viewed this item also viewed. Get it as soon as Friday, Dec Only 14 left in stock more on the way. By Hannah Pineda on September 1,Īdobe photoshop lightroom classic cc 2018 price free ![]() ![]() ![]() Optimized generated queries to add indexes.SQLite library updated to version 3.40.0.Updated Compatibility Level database property - added newer server versions, including 2022.Updated client and dump utilities to version 15.'Escape' key now closes the console (if shown).Highlight syntax in multiline dollar-quoted string literals for PostgreSQL.Added the 'Cancel' button to stop query execution for SQLite and MongoDB databases.Static Analyzer and Ident Resolver improvements.Filters in a tree mode are much faster now.Properties and other data are fetched in separate threads.Added the ability to close property editors with the CMD+Enter keyboard shortcut.Extracted the editor as a separate tab.Show the field's custom color in the column header.It includes the automatic reopening of connections and databases. Workspaces save the state of opened editors and will restore it the next time Valentina Studio Pro.a hint on how to make it writable (add FOR BROWSE or set the NO_BROWSETABLE option).Show a warning if a cursor is Read-Only with Implemented editing the result for SQL Server databases. ![]() Added the ability to create diagrams for MongoDB.You also get different DB related utilities, including Import/Export, Dumps, Diagnose, Clone, Reindex. Open as many editors as you like at the same time for different databases/servers opened in tab-panels. Valentina Project - keep here reports, forms, javascripts.Server Admin - where you can manage users, learn logs and other parameters of servers.Query Builder - build SQL queries visually using just a few mouse clicks.SQL Editor - with color syntax, auto-completion, recent an saved favorite queries, templates, console with error/warning reporting.Related Data Editor - easily learn and manage linked records of two tables, link/unlink records by a mouse click, do set operations over linked records.Data Editor - easily browse table records in a grid, modify records, inline edit of values, sort, filter records and save favorite filters, preview images, hex editors for binary values.Schema Editor (tree view and column view) - create and modify all schema objects of supported databases: Tables, Views, Fields, Enums, Links, Constraints, Triggers, Indexes, Stored Procedures.Diagram Editor - design your new db here then generate tables and other db objects from that diagram.This project can be used in multi-user way if you put it under Valentina Server.įREE Edition brings you powerful, visual editors including: In PRO Edition ($199) you can develop a Valentina Project where design Reports and Forms automating them using JavaScript. You can do data modeling using different diagrams, work with database schema and records, do SQL development, do server administration, etc. Valentina Studio is a cross-tool for database architects, developers, DBAs and even end users to work with the most popular RDBMS such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, SQL Server and ValentinaDB. ![]() ![]() ![]() With its focus on economic issues, this faction also places relatively little emphasis on identity politics and the culture war while also viewing some free trade policies and much of America's hawkish foreign policy consensus with suspicion. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) prefers - this faction's agenda, which is supported most strongly by young, white, and highly educated voters, is incredibly ambitious, aiming to remake much of the economy from the ground up while drastically shifting the priorities that have dominated the Democrats since the late 1980s. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) sometimes do - or an effort to more adequately regulate capitalism - as Sen. Whether thinking of itself as a movement toward socialism - as Sen. The Social Democratic Party: This faction supports a long list of policy proposals, including sharply higher income taxes and a wealth tax, single-payer health care, free college tuition, and decarbonization of the economy. Turning to the left, there are certain parallels with the right, but also important differences. The GOP's three factions and potential parties may disagree about a lot, but they are united in loathing and fearing economic and cultural liberalism. Now there are three potentially independent parties jostling for power under the Republican umbrella.Īnd of course, underlying everything is the president's constant effort at demonizing the opposition. Bush, when the party needed to contain just two competing factions (the internationalists and religious right). Viewed in this way, the GOP looks less coherent under Trump than it was from Reagan through the administration of George W. If an independent party, the religious right would play a role analogous to the one played by the far-right ultra-orthodox and settler parties in Israeli politics - providing essential support to more secular-nationalist parties of the right in return for constant forward movement on the issues that matter most to it. Its core is white evangelical Protestants, but it also includes conservative churchgoing Catholics, and orthodox and ultra-orthodox Jews. The Religious Right Party: Strongly anti-abortion, anxious about threats to the religious freedom of traditionalist Christians and Jews, prioritizing the appointment of staunchly conservative jurists to the nation's courts, this faction has been a strong member of the Republican electoral coalition since Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. If an independent party, the internationalist conservatives would overlap with many of Europe's center-right parties, albeit with a far greater skepticism about government provision of social services. The Internationalist Conservative Party: Pro-immigration, pro-free trade, favoring low income and corporate taxes, willing and even eager to use American military might to transform the world in our economic and political image, this faction is favored by big business, major GOP donors, upper-middle-class and wealthy white suburbanites, and (at least until Trump's election somewhat complicated matters) the bulk of the Republican Party establishment, including its leading think tanks and media messengers. ![]() Let's start with those that might exist on the right: That makes for a total of six imaginary American parties. ![]() It makes sense to think of the Republicans and Democrats as each containing three factions that, in a multi-party system, could thrive as independent parties. In such systems, strong differences in opinion get subsumed into the parties, with each of them containing multiple jostling groups and agendas, and the tensions and clashes among them usually taking place largely out of sight, behind the scenes.īut what if such differences were forced into the open in the way they are in multi-party systems? How would American politics look if the major factions that make up the Republican and Democratic parties became independent parties? And what do we learn about character of the tensions within the existing parties by envisioning them as conglomerations of restive factions? In countries like the United States, where the electoral system strongly favors the creation and perpetuation of just two competitive parties at the national level, things look very different. ![]() These and many other conclusions became clear as soon as the votes were counted because the parliamentary systems that prevail in Europe encourage the proliferation of parties, with public opinion reflected in the relative strength and weakness of each. ![]() |